Posted by dapj20 on Jul 06, 2020 in Discrete-Circuits, Flow-Level
This was done in my early days, i have upgraded it, it ought to work, reduce the number of transistors to make it less sensitive, also a lower value in place of 10M will reduce its sensitivity, use clamping diodes to protect.
Circuits using only discrete devices
BD139 is used to drive the relay as it has good Ic. So you can even use a low ohm relay. If a Relay resistance is high its quality is higher, its power consumption is less and it needs thinner wire SWG-AWG. T2 and T3 form a darlington pair which drives T1. LED1 shows that the water level has reached the top of tank and also that the Relay is energized.